Covalent radius refers to covalently bonded atoms while atomic radius refers to non-bonded atoms.
There are two terms that are easily confused for each other in chemistry, these are the covalent radius and atomic radius. Covalent radius refers to covalently bonded atoms while atomic radius refers to non-bonded atoms.
Hence, half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms is the covalent radius, whereas half the shortest distance between the nuclei of identical nonbonded atoms is the atomic radius.
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