After water, Proteins are the next most abundant substances in the human body.
In adult men , 60% of body is comprised of water whereas in women , 55% of body is comprised of water.
Protein makes up around 20% in body and is present in every cell.
Proteins are large complex molecules and play critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in their cells and required for structure functions and regulation of body tissues.
Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains.
There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
The sequence of amino acids determines about each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function.
Amino acids are coded by combinations of three DNA building blocks (nucleotides), determined by the sequence of genes.
Functions of Proteins:
1. As an Antibody- Bind to specific foreign particles such as bacteria and virus to help protect the body.
2. As an Enzyme- Carry out thousands of chemical reactions taking place inside the cell
3. As a Messenger- Transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues and organs.
4. As a Structural Component- Providing structure and support to cells.
5. Transport/Storage- Binding and carrying atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body.
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