Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have HIGHLY folded membranes. This feature increases the efficiency of their basic functions.
Mitochondria are the energy centers of the eukaryotic cells that serve to synthesize ATP (the energy coin of the cell) by a process called cellular respiration.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for the synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids, and the storage of micronutrients (calcium).
Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have folded membranes in order to increase the surface of the membranes and thus maximize their functions.
For example, mitochondrial membranes contain different protein complexes which are required during the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis.
Moreover, the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum have different enzymes in order to synthesize steroids (lipids) and carbohydrates.
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