The three statements about civil service reform that explain the statement of former President Benjamin Harrison are as follows:
a. Presidents needed the support of Congress to make the changes to the civil service they wanted.
c. Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress criticized presidents who expanded civil service reform.
d. The Pendleton Act completely ended the spoils system for making appointments to the civil service.
Former President Benjamin Harrison supported the merit system but opposed the spoils system. The spoils system enthroned political patronage in federal appointments.
But when Harrison came into office in 1888, he did not move the civil service reforms beyond the already enacted Pendleton Act, which discouraged appointments based on patronage.
Thus, the former president was afraid of alienating both Republicans and Democrats because they were segregated on the issue of civil service reforms.
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