Mutations represent the raw material for evolution. Natural selection is the main evolutionary mechanism that acts to select better-adapted individuals to the environment in which they live.
- A mutation is any alteration in the genetic material (DNA) that form the genome of an organism.
- Mutation can be divided into germinal mutations and somatic mutations. Germinal mutations can be eventually inherited, whereas somatic mutations cannot be inherited.
- Mutations can also be divided into beneficial mutations, neutral mutations, or deleterious mutations depending on the environment in which an individual lives.
- Beneficial mutations confer an adaptive advantage to the individual, thereby the individual is more able to reproduce and survive.
- In consequence, beneficial mutations can be selected by natural selection and thus increase their frequency in the population across generations.
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