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Read the given expression.
Effective nuclear charge = atomic number - x
Which of the following explains the identity of X and its trends across a period? (5 points)
X is the screening constant, and it increases across a period.
X is the screening constant, and it remains constant across a period.
X is the number of outermost electrons, and it increases across a period.
X is the number of outermost electrons, and it remains constant across a period.

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Answer:

Option 2: X is the screening constant, & it remains constant across a period.

Explanation:

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pstnonsonjoku

As we move across the period, X is the screening constant, and it remains constant across a period.

As we move across the period, the size of atoms become smaller because of an increase in the size of the nuclear charge. This leads to a decrease in atomic radius.

As the size of atom decreases, the screening effect on the outermost electron decreases accordingly. Hence, as we move across the period, X is the screening constant, and it remains constant across a period. This is because, no new shells are added across the period.

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