Answer:
Explanation:
In electrophilic aromatic substitution, the substituent(s) that favors electrophilic attack is said to be ortho or para to the substituent. Meta directors are deactivators. Altogether, these directors have an integral role to play in the success and regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
From the information given: The;
Strongly deactivating meta- director ⇒ NO₂ (nitro group)
Moderately deactivating meta- director ⇒ CN (cyano group)
Strongly activating ortho-/para- director ⇒ OH (hydroxy; group)
Weakly deactivating ortho-/para- director ⇒ -X (halide group)
Weakly activating ortho-/para- director ⇒ - Ph (phenyl group)
Ortho and para substituents favors the electrophilic substitution reaction and meta substituents are deactivators.
Regioselectivity of any reaction tells about the preferred side over another side of the reaction to success.
Ortho or para substituents on the benzene ring will increase the chances of electrophilic aromatic substitution by increase the s electrons on the ring. While the meta directors are deactivators, they have an integral role to play in the success and regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Strongly deactivating meta director nitro group.
Moderately deactivating meta director cyano group.
Strongly activating ortho/para director hydroxy group.
Weakly deactivating ortho/para director halide group.
Weakly activating ortho/para director phenyl group.
Hence, from the above discussion it is clear that Ortho and para substituents favors the electrophilic substitution reaction and meta substituents are deactivators.
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