Well I would think all of them in some way. For the first one, students need to collect data (whether it’s mathematical, scientific, etc.) to answer a question. For the second one, they may need to know how much money is in there bank account or they may need to calculate a sale to order the item. For the third one, they may need statistical data to support a position. For the last one, a student could use technological data to be able to solve their problem sorting documents.
