Read the following excerpt from The Call of the Wild and answer the question that follows.

Because of his very great love, he could not steal from this man, but from any other man, in any other camp, he did not hesitate an instant; while the cunning with which he stole enabled him to escape detection.
In the excerpt above, the contrast is connected to the theme of _____.

the quality of men
the effect of the environment
civilization vs. the wild
rules and laws