Millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined will result in the formation of bands in a crystal.
What are molecular orbitals?
When the atomic orbitals on the atoms of a molecule combine together they result in the formation of molecular orbitals. Molecular orbitals are of two types, bonding molecular orbitals and antibonding molecular orbitals. The number of the molecular orbitals are found to be always equal to the number of atomic orbitals which combined.
When a crystal is formed by a number of metal atoms, there is a presence of a number of molecular orbitals. When a number of atoms are placed close to one another, the structures of their energy levels transform to form bands on the metallic crystal.
Hence, when metals atoms get collected together for the combining of molecular orbitals, formation of bands in a crystal is observed.
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