Electrons are particles with a negative electric charge. Imagine a system with 10 electrons confined to a volume V. Which of the following processes will increase the potential energy of the system?
a. increasing the volume of the container.
b. removing one electron of the system keeping the volume constant.
c. reducing the volume of the container.
d. adding one electron to the system keeping the volume constant.

According to JJ Thomson's Model, He posits that atoms consisted of a positively charged substance distributed uniformly over the entire body of the atom, with negative electrons embedded in this continuous positive charge like seeds in a watermelon. Since electrons repel one another but are, on the other hand, attracted to the center of the positive charge, the potential energy of the system will be based on the volume of such system because the lesser the volume of the system, the less free movement of electron in the system which eventually results into increase in potential energy of the system.

Also, the addition of one electron will cause more repulsions between the electrons, and the more the repulsion, the more increase in the potential energy will occur.

andromache andromache · Answer 2 · 2022-02-04T14:06:14+01:00

c. reducing the volume of the container.

d. adding one electron to the system keeping the volume constant.

The following information should be considered:

Since electrons repel one another while attracted to the center of the positive charge, the potential energy of the system should be depend upon the volume of such system.
Moreover, the addition of one electron will result more repulsions between the electrons, and due to the more repulsion, there is more increase in the potential energy.

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