Answer:
Contrastive linguistics.
Explanation:
The contrastive languistics can be understood as a branch of study of the linguistics of comparison between different languages. Through this approach it is possible to describe what are the similarities and differences between a pair of languages. This is the phenomenon found in this question, because the Spanish and Portuguese languages are very close, it is possible to understand the central messages of the two languages using their native language. This is a phenomenon of study of contrastive linguistics.