Answer:
1. Richter
2. moment
Explanation:
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A scale which is best used to measure the strength of small, nearby earthquakes is: Richter scale.
A magnitude scale which is useful for measuring the strength of earthquakes of all sizes and at all distances from a seismograph is: Moment magnitude scale.
An earthquake can be defined as a sudden, natural shaking of the ground, as a result of movements within the Earth's crust and upper mantle (lithosphere) that typically creates seismic waves.
A seismograph refers to an instrument that is designed and developed for detecting, monitoring and recording the direction, duration and magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake in a geographical location on planet Earth.
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