The "contrarians" mentioned in the passage would probably agree with the idea that recent changes in global temperature may not be the direct result of human activity (C).
This sentence is a paraphrase of this claim from the text: "recent warming could be natural rather than anthropogenic." Anthropogenic means of human origin, or resulting from humans' influence on their environment.
Earlier in the text, we are told that the ocean had started warming in the early twentieth century because of possible natural reasons ("a surge of warm water up the Gulf Stream"), well before mankind alone was able to produce as much greenhouse gases as was reported by the instruments of measurement. This is why contrarians argue that perhaps the origins of the last century's rise in global temperatures were not human.