Union (North) had around 71 percent - more than 22 million, and Confederation (South) 29 percent - more than 9 million inhabitants.
Explanation:
- The rapid growth of cotton production coincided with the fresh influx of "Northern slaves" to the South during the first half of the 19th century, so that, based on this fact and on the basis of natural growth, the black slave population in the South rose from about one million in 1805 to about 4. million souls in 1860, representing about 43% of the total population of the South.
- Yet, of the total of 1.6 million families in the South, only 384,000 owned slaves. Of that number, 88% owned less than 20 slaves, and it could be considered that they were the families of slightly more successful farmers.
- Higher concentrations of slave labor were recorded in some tens of thousands of cotton plantations. About 3,000 planters owned more than 100 slaves, and 14 more than 1,000. It is estimated that around two million slaves were engaged in the cotton production business; about one million were engaged in other types of agricultural work, while about as many (about one million) were engaged in construction, mining, timber, transportation, or household services.
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