Answer:
The answers are:
1-The case: -Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
2-School affirmative action programs cannot use quotas to admit minority applicants.
Explanation:
1-The Supreme Court used the principle of equal protection--Hernandez was convicted of killing a man in cold blood in Jackson County, Texas, but his legal team found that not one of the roughly 6,000 jurors selected over the previous 25 years had a Hispanic last name. Americans, Hernandez's lawyers claimed he had been deprived of equal protection because discrimination prevented him from being tried by a jury of his peers.
Chief Justice Earl Warren said: "The Fourteenth Amendment is not directed solely against discrimination due to a 'two-class theory'—that is, based upon differences between 'white' and Negro."
Equal protection applies to different ethnic groups; it is unfair to try a defendant before a jury that deliberately excludes members of the defendant's ethnic group.
2-The Supreme Court used the equal protection clause to limit a program that benefited marginalized groups in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.
Allan Bakke, who had twice unsuccessfully applied for admission to the medical school, filed suit against the university. Citing evidence that his grades and test scores surpassed those of many minority students who had been accepted for admission, Bakke charged that he had suffered unfair “reverse discrimination” on the basis of race.The Supreme Court, agreed that the university’s use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and ordered that the medical school admit Bakke
