Answer:
1.Free edge
2.Nail Root
3.Nail matrix
4.lunula
Note: The numbering coincides respectively with the dashes in the questions.
Explanation:
Free edge is the distal white nail ending.
Nail Root is the proximal part of the nail embedded in the skin.
Nail matrix is the actively growing part of the nail were the nail root thickens
Lunula the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body it appears whitish because stratum basala obscures. the underlying blood vessels.