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Theodore R. Davis's illustration of President Johnson's impeachment trial in the Senate, published in Harper's Weekly.
The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was initiated on February 24, 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach Andrew Johnson, 17th president of the United States, for "high crimes and misdemeanors", which were detailed in 11 articles of impeachment. The primary charge against Johnson was violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress in March 1867, over his veto. Specifically, he had removed from office Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War—whom the Act was largely designed to protect—and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas. (Earlier, while the Congress was not in session, Johnson had suspended Stanton and appointed General Ulysses S. Grant as Secretary of War ad interim.)

Johnson became the first American president to be impeached (the only one prior to Bill Clinton in 1999) on March 2–3, 1868, when the House formally adopted the articles of impeachment and forwarded them to the United States Senate for adjudication. The trial in the Senate began three days later, with Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presiding. On May 16, the Senate failed to convict Johnson on one of the articles, with the 35–19 vote in favor of conviction falling short of the necessary two-thirds majority by a single vote. A ten-day recess was called before attempting to convict him on additional articles. The delay did not change the outcome, however, as on May 26, it failed to convict the president on two articles, both by the same margin; after which the trial was adjourned.

The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson had important political implications for the balance of federal legislative–executive power. It affirmed the principle that Congress should not remove a president from office simply because its members disagreed with his policies, style, or administration of duties. It also resulted in diminished presidential influence on public policy and overall governing power, fostering a system of governance which Woodrow Wilson referred to in the 1870s as "Congressional Government."[1]

President Andrew Johnson charged with breaking the Tenure of Office Act because he removed Edwin Stanton, the secretary of Abraham Lincoln at the time of civil war, from the office and attempted to replace Stanton with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas.

Who was Andrew Johnson?

Andrew Johnson  was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. he was born in December 29, 1808  and died on July 31, 1875. he was known for the Reconstruction plan. reconstruction plan was  series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions and elections to re-form their civil governments. his plan did not give political right to slave , that's why came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress. he was the first president of America who face impeachment for breaking the tenure act.

What was Tenure of Office Act?

The Tenure of Office Act was the federal law of United States of America which was enacted in 1867. Tenure of office Act restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate. president Andrew Johnson remove Edwin Stanton, form the office without the approval of Senate, which led the impeachment of president Andrew Johnson.

Who was Edwin Stanton ?

Edwin McMasters Stanton was a lawyer and politician who served as Abraham Lincoln's secretary of war during the Civil War . Edwin Stanton's management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory.

What was the Civil War?

The American Civil War was the war between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861. Civil war associated with war between state and the civilians. the aim of the civil war was control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government. the main cause of civil war in America was slavery.

Who was Abraham Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln was 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. he was a lawyer and statesman. he led America in the era of civil war and ended slavery. he belong from a poor family and taught himself.

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