9. It is an adverb of time which indicates that an event happened before another one.
10. It is a proper noun. It refers to a whole country and has a name that no other country has.
11. It is a conjunction. Conjunctions are function words used to link two or more ideas o give examples; in this case, they provide two examples of French realists.
12. It is a noun. All nouns are preceded by a determiner; they can be articles, adverbs or adjectives, in this case it is preceded by a definite article. The word 'naturalism' refers to the belief that only natural forces exist in the world.
13. It is a verb. It is conjugated in the past simple tense. It refers to the beliefs naturalists had in the past.
14. It is an adjective in superlative form. It describes the most inferior level of something.
