Kant introduces a Second Formula which is usually called the formula of Humanity, it states that you should only act in a manner which treats the humanity in people (in you and others) as ends in themselves, and never as a mere means.
Which of the following examples violates this principle? Answers can be more than one. Please pick the ones that apply.

1. Hiring an Uber driver as a means to get to work.
2. Lying to a police officer as a means to get out of a ticket.
3. Pushing someone down the stairs for fun.
4. Asking a teacher about questions as a means to learn geometry.