How did Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong, the so-called "East Asian Tigers," expand their economies rapidly during the second half of the 20th century?

a. They focused on manufacturing export goods, discouraged the consumption on imported goods, and promoted universal education for their populations.
b. They depended on economic support from Communist China and the Soviet Union.
c. They focused on traditional agricultural production and sold raw materials for manufactured products.
d. They instituted Communist economic policies and depended on strict state planning.
e. They were occupied by the United States military and received massive development aid.