Among the movements or ideologies that developed in response to classical liberalism during the 19th century, Marxism was arguably the most effective in addressing the negative consequences of living in a classical liberal society. Marxism, as articulated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, presented a comprehensive critique of capitalism and classical liberalism, offering alternative solutions to the problems raised by the promotion of classical liberalism. One of the key criticisms of classical liberalism was its focus on individualism and laissez-faire economics, which often resulted in exploitative labor practices, widening economic inequalities, and social unrest. Marxism addressed these issues by advocating for the abolition of private ownership of the means of production and the establishment of a classless society based on common ownership and democratic control of resources. This approach aimed to eliminate the exploitation of laborers by capitalists and reduce socioeconomic disparities. Marxism also emphasized the importance of collective action and solidarity among workers, leading to the development of labor movements and trade unions that fought for workers' rights, improved working conditions, and fair wages. Additionally, Marxist ideas contributed to the rise of socialist political parties and movements that advocated for social reforms, redistribution of wealth, and the establishment of
a. Authoritarian regimes
b. A capitalist society
c. A feudal system
d. A classless society