How did the Chinese Exclusion Act impact the careers of Marion E. Wong and Esther Eng, and how did they respond to their social and political environment locally and transnationally?

a) It limited their access to mainstream film industries, leading them to create alternative avenues for film production.
b) It had no impact on their careers as they found success regardless of the Act.
c) It forced them to assimilate, erasing their Chinese heritage from their films.
d) It provided them with more opportunities as they became symbols of Chinese-American resilience.