Energy use has sometimes been used as a proxy variable for 'development'; this approach has been critiqued because?
1) It ranks countries that might be wasteful users of energy as more developed compared to countries that may have implemented more energy efficiency measures.
2) Very cold and very hot climates often use a lot more energy for heating and cooling, but doesn't necessarily mean they are more or less developed.
3) It doesn't take into consideration whether the type of energy being used is renewable.
4) Many 'less developed' countries end up ranking as 'highly developed' due to high energy use in their manufacturing dominated economies.
5) All of the above are reasons energy use has been critiqued as a variable for determining 'development'.