Of the following, what is not considered an effect of lying?

A. Once lied to, you may need to redefine previous messages from the liar.
B. Deception is more acceptable depending on the liar's motives.
C. A lie will be considered a transgression if it is exploitive.
D. The importance of the information lied about is a key factor in provoking a relational crisis.
E. Lying improves memory recall.