In managing the portfolio of a prominent local oncologist, Ken decides to purchase a few hundred shares of Bio-Transmedia for his personal account based on the doctor's prior record. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) Ken's actions violate ethical standards.
b) Ken's personal investments should align with the doctor's portfolio.
c) Ken's personal investments are unrelated to his professional duties.
d) Ken should disclose his personal investments to the doctor.