industrial growth created jobs. yet factory workers paid a price for economic progress. they generally worked for 10 or (a) hours a day, (b) days a week. they could be (c) at any time for any reason. many lost their jobs during business downturns. immigrants willing to take lower pay drove down wages. people often worked in (d) and (e) conditions. steelworkers suffered terrible burns. coal miners died in cave-ins. garment workers toiled in crowded and dangerous urban factories known as (f) . by 1900, more than 1 million (g) had joined the industrial workforce. women generally earned about half of what men did for the same work. hundreds of thousands of children under 16 also worked in industry. many states passed (h) laws that said children working in factories had to be at least 12 years old and should not work more than 10 hours a day. employers, however, widely ignored child-labor laws.