Dr. Francis is conducting a study in which she is examining the impact of a new drug on depression in adults. She has hypothesized that the new drug will significantly decrease sadness in adults diagnosed with depression. She has to remember not to let her expectation of an outcome influence her interpretation of the final data. In other words, she needs to defend against the __________ effect.
A. Flynn
B. nocebo
C. Rosenthal
D. Rogers