According to a recent national poll, 22% of US adults get an average of 7 or more hours of sleep per night. Assume this is the parameter value for the population. Suppose you select a random sample of 50 US adults and find that 10 of them get an average of 7 or more hours of sleep per night. Let p hat = the proportion in the sample who get an average of 7 or more hours of sleep per night. The probability that 20% or less of US adults get an average of 7 or more hours of sleep per night is 0.3664. Does this result provide convincing evidence against the poll’s claim? No, the difference between the sample result and what we expected is not extreme enough. The probability of it occurring by chance alone is not unlikely (0.3664 > 0.05). No, there is a small chance of seeing the sample result. It is unlikely to occur by chance alone. Yes, the difference between the sample result and the parameter (2%) is less than 5%. Yes, the probability of seeing the sample result is so far from what we expected that the probability of it occurring by chance alone is very unlikely.