4. Over the next several years, Sammy was plagued with internal disorders. First, he had to have an
operation to remove his aorta and replace it with a synthetic vessel. Next, he developed a kidney
malfunction, and the only way he could survive was to use a kidney dialysis machine (no donor
was found for a kidney transplant). Later, his digestive system became cancerous and was
removed. He received nourishment intravenously. Finally, his heart failed. Luckily for Sammy, a
donor's heart was available, and he had a heart transplant.